Dry Eyes Specialist

What are the symptoms of dry eyes?

Dry eye syndrome is a collection of symptoms that develop when eyes are chronically dry. Symptoms can vary from one person to another and can include:

• Burning sensations
• Excessive tearing
• Extreme sensitivity to bright lights
• Gritty or scratchy feelings in the eye
• Feeling like an object is poking the eye (foreign body sensation)
• Blurry vision
• Eye fatigue
• Stringy discharge from the eyes
• Pain or discomfort when wearing contact lenses

Usually, dry eye affects both eyes, but in a few cases, it may affect only one eye.

What causes dry eyes?

Dry eye syndrome occurs when there is a problem with the tear quality, the composition of the tears, the production of tears or the way the tears are distributed. Some of the most common causes of dry eyes include:

• Inadequate blinking and extended periods of staring, especially when using a computer or other electronic device
• An imbalance of water, mucus, and oil that comprise the tears
• A problem with the tear ducts that interferes with the production and release of tears
• Autoimmune disorders that interfere with normal tear quality, production or distribution
• Problems with the eyelids, including lids that turn too far in (entropion) or out (ectropion)
• Long-term use of some medications, including antihistamines, acne medicines, hormone replacement treatments and high blood pressure medications

How are dry eyes treated?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of dry eye symptoms. Some patients may benefit from the use of lubricating prescription eye drops that help moistens the eye and prevent irritation and redness on the eye surface. However, prolonged use of some eye drops can cause symptoms of dry eyes to become worse over time; therefore, patients should avoid over-the-counter drops. Oral anti-inflammatory medicines or antibiotics may be needed to treat some causes of dry eyes. When an issue affecting the tear ducts or eyelids is present, surgery may be necessary to correct it. Taking frequent breaks when using a computer or performing other close-up work may also help.